Industrial robots make people feel worse about jobs and themselves
字数:599
难度:⭐️⭐️
Study finds workers' sense of meaningfulness and autonomy declines with automation
双语正文
Robots may make companies more productive, as some studies have suggested, but they make people feel that their jobs have less meaning. Researchers with the University of Groningen in the Netherlands and Colorado State University in the US recently looked into the impact of robotic automation on workers' sense of well-being and motivation. They found that the adoption of industrial robots takes a mental toll on workers – more so for those with repetitive jobs and less so for those with non-routine responsibilities.
一些研究表明,机器人可能会提高公司的生产效率,但另一方面,也会让员工觉得工作缺乏意义感。来自荷兰格罗宁根大学和美国科罗拉多州立大学的研究人员,最近研究了机器人自动化对工人心理健康和工作积极性的影响。他们发现,采用工业机器人会对工人的心理层面造成负面影响,这种影响对于从事重复性工作的人来说更加严重,而对于从事非例行工作的人影响则较小。
1、automation [研]
英 [ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n]|美 [ˌɔtəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 自动化
2、motivation [研]
英 [ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n]|美 [ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 动力;动机的形成;动机因素
3、repetitive [研]
英 [rɪ'petətɪv]|美 [rɪˈpetətɪv]
adj. 重复乏味的;多次重复的
4、non-routine
Non-routine work 是指那些不遵循固定、重复模式的工作。这类工作通常需要较高的创造性、解决问题的能力,以及非标准化的决策制定。
Add that to prior research showing robotic automation depresses wages and employment. In a paper titled "Robots, meaning, and self-determination," appearing in the journal Research Policy, authors Milena Nikolova, Femke Cnossen, and Boris Nikolaev observe that rapid technological advancement has sparked fears about the impact of technology on jobs, and led to numerous academic studies.
此外,之前的研究还表明,机器人自动化会降低工资和就业机会。在《研究政策》杂志刊登的一篇名为《机器人、意义与自我决定》的文章中,作者米莱娜·尼科洛娃、费姆克·诺森以及鲍里斯·尼古拉耶夫观察到,由于快速的科技进步,人们开始担忧技术对劳动力市场可能产生的影响,这激发了众多学术界的研究兴趣。
1、prior [研]
英 [ˈpraɪə(r)]|美 [ˈpraɪr]
adj. 先前的;较早的;在前的;优先的
n. (小隐修院)院长;(隐修院)会长
adv. 居先
2、determination [研]
英 [dɪˌtɜː(r)mɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n]|美 [dɪˌtɜrmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n]
n. 测定;确定;决心;计算
3、spark [研]
英 [spɑː(r)k]|美 [spɑrk]
n. 火花;电火花;火星;活力
v. 引发;触发;冒火花;飞火星
4、numerous [研]
英 [ˈnjuːmərəs]|美 [ˈnuːmərəs]
adj. 许多;数量庞大的;数不清的
Less explored, they argue, is the non-monetary impact of automation and how workers cope with it. So they chose to examine how industrial robots affect both work meaningfulness – how workers see their labor as valuable, significant, or purposeful – and self-determination – the extent to which workers experience autonomy, competence, and relatedness.
作者认为,迄今为止,人们对自动化带来的非经济影响及工人们如何适应这种变化的研究还不够深入。因此,他们决定研究工业机器人如何影响工人的工作意义感和自我决定。工作意义感指的是工人如何看待自己的劳动价值、重要性或目的性。而自我决定是指工人在多大程度上感受到自主性、能力和人际关系联结。
1、monetary [研]
英 [ˈmʌnɪt(ə)ri]|美 [ˈmʌnəˌteri]
adj. 钱的(尤指一国的货币)
2、examine [研]
英 [ɪɡ'zæmɪn]|美 [ɪɡˈzæmɪn]
v. 检验;审查;调查;考察
3、autonomy [研]
英 [ɔːˈtɒnəmi]|美 [ɔˈtɑnəmi]
n. 自治;自主;自主权;自治权
Industrial robot adoption, they note, can reduce human interactions to the detriment of work relationships. It can also diminish the need for creative problem solving, curtail learning opportunities, and limit skill utilization. And it can reduce worker autonomy if robots and algorithms decide on tasks and their execution.
作者指出,采用工业机器人可能会减少人与人之间的互动,从而对工作关系产生不利影响。此外,机器人的使用可能会降低对创造性问题解决的需求,减少学习机会,并限制技能的运用。如果让机器人和算法来决定工作任务及其执行方式,那么工人的自主性也可能会因此而降低。
1、detriment
美 [ˈdetrɪmənt]
n. 损害;伤害;损伤
2、diminish [研]
英 [dɪ'mɪnɪʃ]|美 [dɪˈmɪnɪʃ]
v. 减少;削弱;减小;贬低
3、curtail
英 [kɜː(r)ˈteɪl]|美 [kɜrˈteɪl]
v. 缩短;限制;减缩
4、utilization
英 [ˌju:təlaɪ'zeɪʃ(ə)n]|美 [ˌjutɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən]
n. 利用;效用
5、algorithm [研]
英 [ˈælɡəˌrɪð(ə)m]|美 [ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm]
n. 算法;计算程序
Robotic automation isn't necessarily harmful and may be positive, the authors observe, pointing out that machines can eliminate the need to perform dull, repetitive tasks. While adrenaline addicts might bemoan bomb disposal robots and space surgeons, there's a fairly good case for delegating that work to machines.
作者观察到,机器人自动化并非必然有害,也可能产生正面效果。他们指出,机器可以消除执行枯燥、重复性任务的必要性。尽管那些追求刺激的人可能会对拆弹机器人和太空外科医生感到不满,但将此类工作交由机器来完成还是有充分理由的。
1、eliminate [研]
英 [ɪˈlɪmɪˌneɪt]|美 [ɪˈlɪməˌnet]
v. 消除;消灭;清除;淘汰
2、dull [研]
英 [dʌl]|美 [dʌl]
v. 减轻;(使)变麻木;使迟钝;使不活泼
adj. 枯燥无味的;沉闷的;无聊的;不明亮的
3、adrenaline addict
n. 肾上腺素上瘾者;追求刺激、喜欢冒险的人
4、bemoan
英 [bɪˈməʊn]|美 [bɪˈmoʊn]
v. 哀怨;悲叹
5、delegate [研]
英 ['deləɡət]|美 [ˈdeləɡət]
n. 代表;会议代表
v. 授(权);把(工作、权力等)委托(给下级);选派(某人做某事)
To assess the non-monetary impact of robotic automation, the authors analyzed worker-level survey data from 20 European countries and 14 industries for the years 2010, 2015, and 2021. They compared that with industry-level data on changes in robots per 10,000 workers.
为了评估机器人自动化对工人的非经济影响,作者们对2010年、2015年和2021年,20个欧洲国家及其14个产业的工人调查数据进行了分析。他们将这些数据与行业层面的数据进行比较,行业层面数据反映了每 10,000 名工人中机器人数量的变化。
What the authors found is that robots make workers feel worse – unless they control the robots. "Our key finding is that robots harm work meaningfulness and autonomy," wrote Nikolova, Cnossen, and Nikolaev. Specifically, doubling the presence of robots leads to a 0.9 percent decline in work meaningfulness and a 1 percent decline in autonomy.
作者发现,除非工人能够控制机器人,否则机器人的介入会令他们感到不愉快。尼科洛娃、诺森和尼古拉耶夫这样写到:“我们关键的发现是,机器人损害了工作的意义感和自主性。”具体来说,机器人数量每增加一倍,工作意义感就会下降 0.9%,自主性就会下降 1%。
1、presence[研]
英 [ˈprez(ə)ns]|美 [ˈprezəns]
n. 存在;出现;在场;出席
"Across all industries in our sample, the average increase in robotization between 2005 and 2020 was 389 percent (almost a four-fold increase)," they observe. And in specific industries, robot adoption was far more advanced. The authors point out that in mining and quarrying, there was a 26x increase over the same time period, "implying a substantial loss in meaningfulness and autonomy."
作者指出:“在我们研究的所有行业中,2005年至2020年期间,机器人应用平均增长了389%(几乎增加了四倍)。”在某些特殊的行业,机器人的使用率更是高得多。作者强调,在采矿和采石业,同期机器人应用的增长高达26倍,“这意味着工作意义和自主性的大幅下降,”
1、quarry
英 [ˈkwɒri]|美 [ˈkwɔri]
n. 菱形[方形]玻璃[石,瓦等];知识的泉源
v. (从)(书等中)苦心找出(证据等);苦心寻找(记录等);挖掘
2、substantial [研]
英 [səb'stænʃ(ə)l]|美 [səbˈstænʃ(ə)l]
adj. 大量的;价值巨大的;重大的;大而坚固的
The automotive industry, they observe, has seen the most adoption of industrial robots. And they suggest that were the food and beverage industry – already top five in robot uptake – to increase its robot use to match (a 7.5x increase), food and beverage workers would see a 6.8 percent decline in work meaningfulness and a 7.5 percent decline in autonomy.
作者发现,汽车行业是工业机器人应用最为多的行业。他们还提出,若食品和饮料行业(该行业在机器人利用率上已位居前五)将其机器人使用率提高至与汽车行业相当的水平(即增长7.5倍),那么食品与饮料行业工作者的工作意义将下降6.8%,自主性将下降7.5%。
1、beverage [研]
英 ['bev(ə)rɪdʒ]|美 [ˈbev(ə)rɪdʒ]
n. (除水以外的)饮料
2、uptake
英 ['ʌp.teɪk]|美 [ˈʌpˌteɪk]
n. 吸收;(对现有东西的)使用;吸收速度
One way to mitigate the loss of autonomy is to give workers control. "Specifically, working with computers – being in control of the machine – completely offsets the negative consequences of automation for autonomy," the authors note, adding that education and skill also mitigates loss of autonomy.
为了减少自主性的损失,一种有效的方式是赋予工人控制权。作者指出:“具体来说,操作电脑工作(即掌控机器),能完全抵消自动化给自主性带来的负面影响” ,并且强调教育和技能的提升同样能够缓和员工自主性的降低。
1、mitigate
英 [ˈmɪtɪɡeɪt]|美 [ˈmitiˌɡeɪt]
v. 减轻;缓解;缓和;平息
2、offset [研]
英 [ˌɒfˈset]|美 [ˈɔfˌset]
n. 【印】胶印;背面蹭脏;【机】偏置(管);迂回管
v. 抵消;弥补;补偿
adj. 胶印的
But giving workers a computer control console doesn't counteract the sense of diminished meaningfulness that accompanies robot adoption, the study suggests. The authors conclude that understanding how automation affects the way people feel about work is important for ensuring worker productivity and health, and for minimizing turnover.
然而,研究显示,仅仅给工人提供计算机控制台,并不能消除机器人应用带来的工作意义感的下降。研究者们认为,了解自动化如何影响人们对工作的感受,对于确保工人的工作效率和健康非常关键,同时,这也有助于最小化员工流失率。
1、console [研]
英 [ˈkɒnsəʊl]|美 [ˈkɑnˌsoʊl]
v. 安慰;抚慰;慰藉
n. 操纵台
2、counteract
英 [.kaʊntər'ækt]|美 [ˌkaʊntərˈækt]
v. 抵消;抵抗;抵制
来源:The Register
作者:Thomas Claburn
发表日期:2024.04.07
原文标题:Industrial robots make people feel worse about jobs and themselves
写作积累
⭐️…… observe that rapid technological advancement has sparked fears about the impact of …… on ……, and led to numerous ……
释义:……注意到,快速的技术进步引发了人们对……对……影响的担忧,并导致了许多……。
例句:Experts observe that rapid technological advancement has sparked fears about the impact of artificial intelligence on privacy, and led to numerous legislative proposals.
翻译:专家们注意到,快速的技术进步引发了人们对人工智能对隐私影响的担忧,并导致了许多立法提案。
阅读自测
What is the main conclusion of the study?
A. Robots are harmful to workers and should not be used.
B. The impact of robots on workers is still unclear and more research is needed.
C. Robots can be beneficial to workers if they are used in the right way.
D. Workers should be given more control over robots to mitigate the negative impact of automation.
参考答案:D
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